Reporting on Covid-19 in Arkansas: Data Journalism
Jour 5283, Fall 2020
Remote Delivery, Monday-Wednesday 9:40 a.m.-10:55 a.m.

Rob Wells, Ph.D.

@rwells1961

Syllabus - Jour 5283: “CNTL” + click for a New Tab

Course GitHub site: “CNTL” + click for a New Tab

Inspiration:

Week #1: 8/24/2020 - Course Tools, R Basics

Agenda:

--Discuss syllabus
--Blackboard site
--Teams
--Arkansascovid.com
--Intro R and R Studio. Open program.
--Read Machlis, Ch. 2
--Advanced learners, see below
--Intellectual Property / Data Sharing Releases

Teams

  For the first class, please have Teams installed so we can do some exercises.   
  Please download and activate Teams.  
 Teams is free through your university Office365 account. Download the Teams App through the Office365 suite https://its.uark.edu/communication-collaboration/office365/office365-desktop-apps.php

R and R Studio

Install R and R Studio.

This is free and open source software. It is not large and doesn't tax the memory a lot. 
R runs on Windows, Mac and Linux, but this course is designed for the Mac version. 
If you use Windows, there may be variations in the lessons and instructions. Please see me      for questions.

Installing R is a two-step process: 
1) Install R, the actual program
2) Install RStudio, a common interface 

1) Download the most recent version of R for Mac:         
https://mirrors.nics.utk.edu/cran/bin/macosx/R-4.0.2.pkg

--If you have a Windows computer, go to: 
https://mirrors.nics.utk.edu/cran/bin/windows/base/R-4.0.2-win.exe

Accept all of the default settings for Mac.

 2) Install RStudio, the interface we use to manage and create R code. Download the open         source edition of R Studio desktop and follow the prompts to install it.   
 https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/#download

 > [**Good instructions for installing R**](http://www.machlis.com/R4Journalists/download-r-and-rstudio.html){target="_blank"}

> [**Good overview of the program**](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1O0eFLypJLP-PAC63Ghq2QURAnhFo6Dxc7nGt4y_l90s/edit#slide=id.p){target="_blank"}

Intellectual Property / Data Sharing Releases

UofA Rules of Conduct
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YkdkRIzIs1WQ3P9KIICvHcppfWvwTyo2bRhGwQPsgVE/edit

License Agreement
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AahzxDOzTf9Z6PBjBvFBOjnn9_BiM4YldnXW-mHZr9s/edit

Teams Videos

  Microsoft Teams allows us to easily share information through the class or in discrete groups.
  
  Chat in Teams
  https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/videoplayer/embed/RE4rLgJ?pid=ocpVideo5-innerdiv-oneplayer&postJsllMsg=true&maskLevel=20&market=en-us
  
  Create a post
  https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/videoplayer/embed/RE2BIrO?pid=ocpVideo0-innerdiv-oneplayer&postJsllMsg=true&maskLevel=20&market=en-us
  
  How to tag a person in Teams
  https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/videoplayer/embed/RWkJ9C?pid=ocpVideo0-innerdiv-oneplayer&postJsllMsg=true&maskLevel=20&market=en-us

Reading Before Monday’s Class

  Machlis, Sharon. Practical R for Mass Communications and Journalism. Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series. 2018. ISBN 9781138726918 https://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=9781138726918
  Chapter 2: Get Started With R in a Few Easy Steps

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

   Machlis, Ch. 1, Introduction; Ch. 3, See How Much You Can Do in a Few Lines of Code

XXX VIDEO XXXX

Advanced Corner

--Import this data and summarize Washington County trends

Arkansascovid Data

##Wednesday, Aug. 26
Agenda
Arkansascovid.com data Teams Installation issues on laptops? IRE Conference IRE20 Conference will be Sept. 21-25 R interface explained Exercises and tutorial
Basic R exercise
–Left click on the link, remove .txt extension, save as all files
https://github.com/profrobwells/CovidFall2020/blob/master/Exercises/Intro%20to%20R%208-20-2020.Rmd
Ch 1 & 2 of Machlis: Key Points
Reproducible research Repetitive tasks in modern newsrooms. Employment reports, crime stats, budgets Variables - an R object Assignment operator <- Case sensitive Vector: A vector can only have one type of data - all integers, all strings Dataframe - like a spreadsheet Save files - Don’t save workspace: because all of your variables will be stored and re-loaded the next time you launch RStudio. It’s too easy to forget about previously stored variables that can interfere with later work,
Software packages: tidyverse, rio, pacman
Data Types and R
Machlis: 2.4.2 Data types you’re likely to use often
IRE Conference IRE20 Conference will be Sept. 21-25*
Fellowship: https://www.ire.org/events-and-training/conferences/2020-ire-conference/ire20-fellowships-scholarships
#### Reading Before Monday’s Class
Wong, Dona M. The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics. W. W. Norton & Company. 2013. ISBN 0393347281. https://www.amazon.com/Street-Journal-Guide-Information-Graphics/dp/0393347281 Ch. 1: The Basics
Arkansascovid.com

Week #2 - 8/31/2019: File management

Monday, Aug. 31

Agenda

Arkansascovid.com data
Building Your Own R Markdown Files
Tuesday Quiz on Basic R functions

Exercise

Arkansascovid.com exercise Lesson #1 
Download this tutorial to work with Arkansascovid.com data
https://github.com/profrobwells/CovidFall2020/blob/master/Exercises/Arkansas%20Covid%20First%20Lesson%208-20-2020.Rmd

Quiz #1: R Terms. See Blackboard. Due 11:59 p.m. Tuesday Sept. 1

See Blackboard:
https://learn.uark.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launchAssessment.jsp?course_id=_276555_1&content_id=_8816418_1&mode=cpview

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

Machlis. Ch 4: Import Data into R  
Cohen, "Numbers in the Newsroom," Common Mistakes.

Wednesday, Sept. 2

Agenda

Discuss Quiz on Basic R functions
Arkansascovid.com exercise Lesson #1
Discuss Ch 4, Machlis: See Notes

  • Ch 3 & 4 of Machlis: Key Points

    Ch 3 Exercises: Stock chart exercise used quantmod is a library for financial analysis. Median Income for a City Loading packages

    Ch 4 Importing Data How read.table() works for importing data:
    Loading data Manipulating data: dplyr - stringr Data Management: mutate rename bind_rows

Reading Before Monday’s Class

Machlis, Ch. 5: Basic Data Exploration


Beginner's guide to R:
https://www.computerworld.com/article/2497143/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-beginner-s-guide-to-r-introduction.html

Week #3 - 9/7/2020: Data Types. Loading Data

Monday, Sept. 7.

Happy Labor Day! No Class

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

 Machlis, Ch. 6: Beginning data visualization

Wednesday, Sept. 9

Agenda

Describe Assignment #1 
Continue with R tutorial
Exercise: Loading Data from U.S. Census & Student Loans

Assignment #1

  Due Sept. 14: Managing Data / Static Graphic 
  Static Graphic - Managing Data in R.  
  Students will use R Studio to gather, analyze and visualize Arkansascovid data by     demographic for Arkansas and report and write a 600 word story.

  • Exercise

    Downloading Data 3rd Lesson 3 8-21-2020.Rmd

Reading Before Monday’s Class

Wong, Dona M. The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics. Ch. 2: Chart Smart

Charts_with_ggplot by Andrew Ba Tran,

Week #4 - 9/14/2020: Using R to build basic graphs and charts

Monday, Sept. 14

Agenda

Data Visualization
ggplot2 - charts and maps
Export Static chart 
Discuss Ch 5, Machlis: See Notes

Assignment #1: Static Graphic - Managing Data in R. Due Sept. 14

Students will use R Studio to gather, analyze and visualize Arkansascovid data by demographic for Arkansas and report and write a 600 word story.

  • GGPLOT

    A handy explanation of ggplot and its components

If you’re using ggplot: plus it!
For everything else: pipe it!

geom_point() 
geom_bar()
geom_boxplot()

  • Data Visualization Intro

    Load tutorial: Basic Data Visualization 12-26-18.R

Download this file and open it in R Studio

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

Wong, Dona M. The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics. 
Ch. 3 & 4: Ready Reference and Tricky Situations

Basic Charts in R  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EUJ0tsVsUA&t=12s

Wednesday, Sept. 16

Agenda

Data Visualization
ggplot2 - charts and maps


> [**GGplot Video from Andrew Ba Tran**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx7d7eGRSj0&t=9s){target="_blank"}

–

  • Exercise

    Graphing in GGPlot
    https://bit.ly/2Gqjfj4

    Multiple variable in a graph Geom_Line, Geom_point, Geom_bar How to alter the colors in a chart.

Quiz - Math and R

TK TK TK Test Canvas: Excel Quiz

Reading Before Monday’s Class

Wong, Dona M. The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics. 
Ch. 5: Charting Your Course

Albert Cairo, "The Functional Art," Principles of Data Visualization.

Week #5 - 9/21/20: Dplyr Bootcamp

Monday, Sept. 21

Agenda

Review Assignment #1   
Assignment1_KEY_StaticGraphic_2_9.R    
Dplyr bootcamp. 
IRE Conference

  • **Dplyr Presentation*

    Five basic verbs filter() select() arrange() mutate() summarize() plus group_by()

  • Pipes - a Much-Used Command to Link Filters, Functions

    pipe %>% CMD + Shift + M

    Pipes are a way of chaining commands.
    object %>% operation() —> result

    Presentation from Bob Rudis on Writing Readable Code with Pipes, delivered at the rstudio::conf 2017.
    https://www.rstudio.com/resources/videos/writing-readable-code-with-pipes/

  • Key Concepts - Moving Forward:

    Dplyr: Filters, Grouping, Sorting, pipes %>%
    Pipe shortcut = CMD + SHIFT + M Basic data visualization
    Tidyverse

  • Exercise:

    DPLYR BOOT CAMP 5th Lesson 8-21-2020.Rmd

    Make a Dplyr Cheat Sheet, Hand in on Blackboard by 11:59 pm Monday.

  • You are in Dplyr bootcamp!

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

Machlis: Ch. 8 Analyze data by groups
Transforming and Analyzing Data dplyr.pdf, Andrew Ba Tran, Washington Post
Dplyr - Andrew Ba  Tran - pipes-dplyr.pdf

Wednesday, Sept. 23

Agenda

IRE Conference
Dplyr boot camp
There is nothing else. Focus!!!

  • DPLYR

    DPLYR BOOT CAMP 5th Lesson 8-21-2020.Rmd

Notes: How Do I?

https://smach.github.io/R4JournalismBook/HowDoI.html

Reading Before Monday’s Class

Machlis 
Ch. 7 Two or more data sets 
Ch. 13 Date calculations
Dealing-with-dates.pdf by Andrew Ba Tran  
https://github.com/profrobwells/Data-Analysis-Class-Jour-405v-5003/blob/master/Readings/dealing-with-dates.pdf

Week #6 - 9/28/20: Dealing With Dates

Monday Sept. 28

Agenda

Lubridate
Review Ch. 13 Machlis
Review Tran and Lubridate

Exercises

–Using Lubridate

  The exercise   
  Lubridate_Intro_Feb_20.R
  https://bit.ly/2H07YpX
  Lubridate vignette   
  browseVignettes("lubridate")   
  
  What we will produce

Reading Before Wednesday’s Class

Machlis
Ch. 9 Graphing by Group
Ch. 11 Maps in R

Wednesday Sept. 30

Agenda

Lubridate

Exercises

--Key to Lubridate Questions in Exercise:    
https://bit.ly/2BO92d1

Reading Before Next Class

Machlis Ch. 12 Putting it all Together: R on Election Day

Week #7: 10/5/20: Maps in R

Monday Oct. 5

Agenda

  Mapping

Exercises

      Mapping Exercise from Machlis book, Ch. 11      
      https://bit.ly/2VXCSU2

Reading Before Next Class

Wednesday Oct. 7

Agenda

  Andrew Ba Tran - Week 4 Mapping    
  http://learn.r-journalism.com/en/mapping/    
  Data Cleaning    
  Disaggregating variables for summation

Reading Before Next Class

Week #8: Oct. 12, 2020: Mapping

Monday Oct. 12

Agenda

  Video of Machlis mapping  
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFJOV5XaU_U
  See R script:
  Maps in R March 24 2019
  https://bit.ly/2FvZDrB

###Assignment 2. Graphic with Multiple Data Sources. Due Oct 12
Students will use R Studio to gather, analyze and visualize Arkansascovid data by demographic for Arkansas using Census data or school district data. Results will be posted on GitHub. 600 Word story. Data dictionary required Students will produce publication-ready graphics from data.

Details:
With the assigned dataset, XXXX.csv, students will produce the following tables:
--Most common words used in data text field
 Based on this information, write a 600 word story, following AP style, that describes potential newsworthy trends. 
By 11:59 pm., you will submit the following on Blackboard:  
XXX charts in .jpeg format: 1) Common words 2) Common hashtags 3) Date trend chart
One Google Doc with your findings, 600 words. Append at the end a brief data dictionary describing the Twitter data fields you used in the assignment.
An R script with the coding that shows how you loaded and cleaned the data and produced the charts

Notes

 Answer Key discussion   
 top_n function makes life easy  
 aes - reorder in ggplot

Reading Before Next Class

–Visual Narrative Tricks by Albert Cairo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSGaueL4Ggk

Wednesday Oct. 14: Mapping

Agenda

  Adapt Machlis - Maps in R Ch 11 exercise for Median Income in Arkansas
  
  Maps in R March 24 2019 - Using the Census API
  https://bit.ly/2FvZDrB

  Building a Census tract map

We will build this
TK TK Images/Income by Census Tract Washington Co.png)

Exercises

Adapt Machlis - Maps in R Ch 11 exercise for Median Income in Arkansas

[You will make this in the class]TK TK Images/ARmed_income3-22-19.png

Misc Items

 Check what software packages are running: Global Environment
 
 ^ + shift + 8 = Zoom to Environment

Reading Before Next Class

Machlis Chs. 15 & 16 APIs - basics

https://medium.com/@LewisMenelaws/a-beginners-guide-to-web-apis-and-how-they-will-help-you-23923a0da450

Week #9: 10/19/2020: APIs

Monday Oct. 19

Agenda
Sign up for a census key: https://api.census.gov/data/key_signup.html

  What is an API?

Reading Before Next Class

A gentle introduction to APIs for data journalists:

https://trendct.org/2016/12/29/fetching-airport-delays-with-python-a-gentle-guide-to-apis-for-journalists/

Wednesday, Oct. 21 APIs

Agenda

Reading Before Next Class

Machlis Chs. 17 & 18

Census Reporter to look up tables https://censusreporter.org/

Week #10: 10/26/2020, APIs

Monday Oct 26

Agenda

Reading Before Next Class

    --Max Harlow Presentation on How to Use GitHub
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MbltRcOerktc-E26HMDjYj0BO9CTubQWu1Z2bB9CpVY/edit#slide=id.g448ccc227721fe56_10

“Connecting the Dots” by Jacob Harris (2015) and discuss how people should or should not be represented through news visualizations.

Wednesday Oct 28: GitHub

Agenda
Resources:

This class is intended to teach you modern workflow techniques for coding. A centerpiece of that workflow is GitHub. This is a website with a system that allows you to collaborate with other programmers on coding projects. It manages versions of software code and is a very popular with the tech elite. 

Your GitHub account, which is public, represents an important professional image. Prospective employers and collaborators will look at your GitHub account.

--Create a GitHub account.
https://github.com/



--Simplified GitHub- GitHub Desktop
https://help.github.com/en/desktop

Exercises

See Basic GitHub 4-22-19.R https://bit.ly/2UAMGTd

Installing Git for a Mac - Andrew Ba Tran

Reading Before Next Class

--Follow this tutorial
https://guides.github.com/activities/hello-world/

Week #11: 11/2/2020, GitHub

Monday, Nov. 2

Agenda

–Setting up an R Workflow http://learn.r-journalism.com/en/publishing/workflow/r-projects/

Resources on GitHub

–GitHub flow
https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/

–GitHub Guides
https://guides.github.com/

–Another GitHub guide
https://andrewbtran.github.io/NICAR/2018/workflow/docs/03-integrating_github.html

Assignment 3: Interactive Map. Due Nov 2

Students will use R Studio to build interactive maps of Arkansascovid occupational data in Arkansas. Results will be posted on GitHub. Data dictionary required

Resources

Sentiment analysis:

Exercises

Joins in R: 
https://bit.ly/2OFnGJ6

Reading Before Next Class

Wednesday, Nov. 4

TAKE A DEEP BREATH, AMERICA

Agenda
Joins in R

Reading Before Next Class

   Tidy text mining
https://www.tidytextmining.com/tidytext.html#

Bad data visualizations. Data Translation.

The Journalist as Programmer: A Case Study of The New York Times Interactive News Technology Department http://isoj.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ISOJ_Journal_V2_N1_2012_Spring.pdf

What is code? http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-paul-ford-what-is-code/

Week #12: 11/9/2020

Monday, Nov. 9

Agenda

Exercises

Reading Before Next Class

Julia Angwin, Terry Parris Jr., Surya Mattu. “Breaking the Black Box: What Facebook Knows About You,” ProPublica, 2016; 

  Nicholas Diakopolous, “Algorithmic Accountability,” Digital Journalism, 2014.

Wednesday, Nov. 11

Agenda

Julia Angwin article

Bigrams

Exercises

Reading Before Next Class

Week #13: 11/16/2020

Monday, Nov. 16

Agenda

Coulter Bigrams - Relationship
TK TK Images/Coulter Bigram Graphic.jpeg)

Exercise

Reading Before Next Class

Wednesday, Nov. 18

Agenda

Reading Before Next Class

Amy Webb future of journalism trends
https://futuretodayinstitute.wetransfer.com/downloads/0e84e883e140bafe9a3436a6464032be20171003123607/ecda17

Google search tips  
https://blog.expertisefinder.com/top-6-google-search-tips-for-journalists/

Artificial intelligence in the news  
https://aiethicsinitiative.org/news/2019/3/12/artificial-intelligence-and-the-news-seven-ideas-receive-funding-to-ensure-ai-is-used-in-the-public-interest

Sharon Machlins Nicar compilation site
http://www.machlis.com/nicar19.html

Week #14, 11/23/2020: - Web scraping, GitHub

Monday, Nov. 23

Agenda

Review quiz
Bigrams
Simple Web Scraping
GitHub

Coulter Bigrams - Score
TK TK Images/Coulter bigram score.jpeg)

Exercises

Bigrams: 
http://bit.ly/bigramz

Web Scraping in R: Simple Web Scraper 
http://bit.ly/scrapeme

Reading Before Next Class

Wednesday, Nov. 25

Agenda

OFF - THANKSGIVING

Reading Before Next Class

Week #15, 11/30/2020: Wrap Up

Monday, NOV. 30

Agenda

GitHub

###Assignment 4. Interactive Data Visualization. Due Nov 30. Students will use R Studio to build interactive graphics / maps of Arkansascovid data by school district. 600 Word Story. Results will be posted on GitHub. Data dictionary required

Important!

Course Evaluation
Please do me  a favor and evaluate this course. 
It's important to me and the department to get your thoughts
on what worked and what did not. 

I was very happy with how things turned out this semester and 
intend to offer this course again. If you think it is important, 
then please take five minutes to fill out the survey.

https://courseval.uark.edu/

Wednesday, DEC. 2

Agenda

R Markdown
http://bit.ly/2DBLSaX

Turn your R cheatsheet into a PDF
Turn your R cheatsheet into a web page on GitHub

Week #16, 12/7/2020: Wrap Up

Monday, Dec. 7

Agenda

Wednesday, Dec. 8

Agenda

Congratulations!

 We covered a lot this semester
Code in Fun

Code in Fun

RESOURCES

  Questions on mapping exercises
 Joins in R: https://bit.ly/2OFnGJ6
 What is Sentiment Analysis
 What is TidyText

Homework 

Discuss Kavanaugh text mining story   
Complete Coulter Tweet Analysis #2 exercises

–EXERCISES: Excel vs R
–Processing and counting hashtags

–Solving Problems in R: Bend Templates to Your Will
–Analyzing data –Finding Narratives

–#1: Solve the chronology problem with the chart

TK TK Images/AOC Year-Months.png)

–#2: Splitting Hashtags

Questions on Exercise   
Splitting Hashtags 2-25-19.R   
https://bit.ly/2BQIE2i 



Resume AOC-Coulter Data Mining Exercise: 
Coulter Tweet Analysis #2 Exercise
https://bit.ly/2TdY9Mv
Key to the exercise:    
https://bit.ly/2F3brlh

Homework

Extracting Text Strings from data
https://bit.ly/2X5V9jL

What we will produce

TK TK Images/Top Words in AOC Feed.png)

Work through this exercise and bring questions to class:

Splitting Hashtags 2-25-19.R
https://bit.ly/2BQIE2i

  --Graphing GGplot 12-28.R    
  Exercises from Machlis Ch. 9. Facets    

  Ch 3 Exercises:
  Stock chart exercise used quantmod is a library for financial analysis. 
  dygraphs creates *interactive Web graphics* of data over time.

Reading

Resources:

Review Assignment #2 
Coulter Tweet Analysis #2 Exercise
https://bit.ly/2TdY9Mv

Bots

Bot or Not: Difficulty determining a bot on Twitter    

--An app that uses machine learning to guess if a Twitter account is a bot   
https://www.r-bloggers.com/botrnot-an-r-app-to-detect-twitter-bots/    
https://mikewk.shinyapps.io/botornot/    

--Article about Botometer   
https://www.vox.com/technology/2018/4/9/17214720/pew-study-bots-generate-two-thirds-of-twitter-links   

--Stanford research paper on this topic    
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e219/6b47133c2191d380098744c13ba77133e625.pdf

–Read Kavanaugh text mining story: Text analysis of Brett Kavanaugh’s opinion.
http://www.storybench.org/bringing-textual-analysis-tools-to-judge-brett-kavanaughs-latest-opinion/

Samantha Sunne, “The Challenges and Possible Pitfalls of Data Journalism, and How You Can Avoid Them,” American Press Institute, 2016

–Create R Markdown document, export to PDF, HTML

StackOverflow
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46691933/r-sort-by-year-then-month-in-ggplot2

Grammar of Graphics http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/layered-grammar.html

–Joining Dataframes in R
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLg4D9bMIyc&t=13s

–Data Wrangling http://learn.r-journalism.com/en/wrangling/

http://learn.r-journalism.com/en/wrangling/dplyr/dplyr/

https://github.com/r-journalism/learn-chapter-3/blob/master/dplyr/pipes-dplyr.R

Notes

--The pie chart focuses the reader on large percentages, and encourages the reader to think of the total
--The stacked bar plot provides the same information, but makes it easier to accurately determine at a glance how large each group is out of the whole.
--This bar chart splits the categories horizontally, and draws attention to how the family members are ordered. It encourages the reader to think about the distribution rather than disconnected categories, and gives a better sense of sense of scale.

Reading Machlis Chs. 13 & 14.

Resources:

–

Seth C. Lewis, et al. “Big Data and Journalism: Epistemology, Expertise, Economics and Ethics,” Digital Journalism, 2015

–Review another R tutorial https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zICxR7qDM3RQ2Nxi5CqHlM3H8I7qoVkNtqcNcnbbDCw/edit#slide=id.p

RStudio Navigation Tricks You Might’ve Missed https://rviews.rstudio.com/2016/11/11/easy-tricks-you-mightve-missed/

How Do I? https://smach.github.io/R4JournalismBook/HowDoI.html

Functions https://smach.github.io/R4JournalismBook/functions.html

Packages https://smach.github.io/R4JournalismBook/packages.html

–Basic descriptive statistics —Review ComputerWorld’s Beginner’s Guide To R –Stack Overflow at stackoverflow.com

–String data manipulation https://dereksonderegger.github.io/570L/13-string-manipulation.html

–Follow StoryBench, Northeastern Univ. https://twitter.com/storybench

Resources
–Use R instead of Excel: Andrew Ba Tran
Excellent Tutorial Spelling out Excel and Comparable Commands in R
https://trendct.org/2015/06/12/r-for-beginners-how-to-transition-from-excel-to-r/
Basic data work- head to http://bit.ly/excel_and_r

–All Cheat Sheets https://www.rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets/

–

Twitter Exercises

Coulter Tweet Analysis #2 Exercise https://bit.ly/2TdY9Mv

More on this topic!   
Comparing AOC and Coulter tweets

Twitter exploration exercise https://bit.ly/2Sqn1j1

Return to Twitter Engagement
http://bit.ly/2GParD5
    Twitter historical API
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tutorials/choosing-historical-api

–AOC Twitter feed
https://bit.ly/2Sqn1j1

–Discuss Twitter Metadata
–Work with sample Twitter data
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/data-dictionary/overview/user-object
–Study Twitter meta data
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/data-dictionary/overview/tweet-object.html

–Look at this example: Ocasio.csv (in data folder of course page) –Twitter analysis of Trump Tweets http://varianceexplained.org/r/trump-tweets/

–Show Collins results

–Twitter analysis of Trump Tweets http://varianceexplained.org/r/trump-tweets/

Homework Over Spring Break

R_Homework <- GiveMeABreak(homework = 0), c("enjoy yourself", "make good life choices", "call your parents")

–